Interpretation of the Electronic Fetal Heart Rate During Labor
AMIR SWEHA, M.D., and TREVOR W. HACKER, M.D., Mercy Healthcare Sacramento, Sacramento, California
JIM NUOVO, M.D., University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California
Am Fam Physician. 1999 May 1;59(9):2487-2500.
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Why Are We Using Electronic Fetal Monitoring (Copy and paste link)?
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0501/p2416.html
Articles:
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring is commonly used to assess fetal well-being during labor. Although detection of fetal compromise is one benefit of fetal monitoring, there are also risks, including false-positive tests that may result in unnecessary surgical intervention. Since variable and inconsistent interpretation of fetal heart rate tracings may affect management, a systematic approach to interpreting the patterns is important. The fetal heart rate undergoes constant and minute adjustments in response to the fetal environment and stimuli. Fetal heart rate patterns are classified as reassuring, nonreassuring or ominous. Nonreassuring patterns such as fetal tachycardia, bradycardia and late decelerations with good short-term variability require intervention to rule out fetal acidosis. Ominous patterns require emergency intrauterine fetal resuscitation and immediate delivery. Differentiating between a reassuring and nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern is the essence of accurate interpretation, which is essential to guide appropriate triage decisions.
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) was first introduced at Yale University in 1958.1 Since then, continuous EFM has been widely used in the detection of fetal compromise and the assessment of the influence of the intrauterine environment on fetal welfare.
In 1991, the National Center for Health Statistics reported that EFM was used in 755 cases per 1,000 live births in the United States.2 In many hospitals, it is routinely used during labor, especially in high-risk patients.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a part of the US National Library of Medicine, which is a branch of the National Institutes of Health - (Bookshelf):
Fetal Movement (Continuing Education Activity)
Joy Bryant; Radia T. Jamil; Jennifer Thistle.
Author Information
Authors
Joy Bryant1; Radia T. Jamil2; Jennifer Thistle3.
Affiliations
1 Morgan Community College
2 Allama Iqbal Medical College
3 Morgan Community College
Last Update: November 30, 2020.
Objectives:
Describe the significance of maternal self-monitoring of fetal movement.
Identify methods for self monitoring of fetal movements.
Review the warning signs of decreased fetal movement.
Outline the steps that the practitioner would employ when a pregnant woman reports decreased fetal movement.
Read here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/…:
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